十法经

Dasadhammasuttam
十法经
法增比丘译
Pāli text:

Evam me sutam ekam sammayam Bhagavā Sāvatthi yam viharati Jetavane Anāthapindikassa ārāme. Tatra kho, Bhagavā bhikkhu āmantesi: bhikkhavo ti. Bhadante ti te bhikkhu Bhagavato paccassosum.

Bhagava etad avoca: Dasa ime bhikkhave dhammā pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbā.
Katame dasa?

1. Vevanniyamhi ajjhupagato ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
2. Parapatibaddhā me jivikā ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
3. Añño me ākappo karaniyo ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
4. Kacci no kho me attā silato na upavadati ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
5. Kacci nu kho mam anuvicca viññu sabrahmacāri silato na upavadanti ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
6. Sabbehi me piyehi manāpehi nānābhavo vinābhāvo ti pabbajitena abinham paccavekkhitabbam.
7. Kammassakomhi, kammadāyādo, kammayoni, kammabandhu, kammapatisarano, yam kammam karissāmi kalyānam vā pāpakam vā, tassa dāyādo bhavissāmi ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
8. Kathambhutassa me rattin divā vitipatanti ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
9. Kacci nu khoham suññāgāre abhiramāmi ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.
10. Atthi nu kho me uttarimanussadhammā, alam ariya ñāna dassana viseso adhigato? Soham pacchime kāle sabrahmacārihi puttho na manku bhavissāmi ti pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbam.

Ime kho bhikkhave dasadhammā pabbajitena abhinham paccavekkhitabbā ti. Idam avoca bhagavā.

Attamanā te bhikkhu Bhagavato bhāsitam abhinandun ti.

English translation:

Thus have I heard: At one time the Exalted One was staying at Jetavana Vihara, the monastery donated by Anathapindika in Savatthi. There the Exalted One addressed the assembly of monks thus:

O bhikkhus! There are ten Dhammas for a recluse to contemplate deeply. What are these ten?

1. It should be contemplated regularly that I am of the state of no caste;
2. It should be contemplated regularly that I depend on others for my living support;
3. It should be contemplated regularly that I have further codes of conduct to follow;
4. It should be contemplated regularly that as regard to my training disciplines I should have no cause for self criticism;
5. It should be contemplated regularly that my training disciplines should be beyond criticism from my fellow discerning celibate noble practitioners;
6. It should be contemplated regularly that there would be differentiation and separation from all who are dear and beloved to me;
7. It should be contemplated regularly that my deeds are my properties, I am the inheritor of my deeds, my deeds is the cause of my rebirth, I am having my deeds as my relatives, my deeds is my place of refuge and I will inherit the result of my actions, be it good or bad;
8. It should be contemplated regularly that as day and night passes on inexorably, what I am doing here at this moment;
9. It should be contemplated regularly whether I take delight in my secluded dwelling place;
10. It should be contemplated regularly that are these qualities in me beyond the power of ordinary folks, and has the noble sight of knowledge attained by me? At death, when questioned by fellow celibate noble practitioners, would I be lost.

O Bhikkhu! These are the ten dhammas to be contemplated regularly by a recluse.

Thus spoke the Blessed One, and the assembly of monks were pleased, and they rejoiced at the words of the Blessed One.

十法经
法增比丘中译及注释

我是这么听说的：
有一次，佛住在舍卫国1，在给孤独长者2供养的祇树园精舍3里。
佛陀告诉诸比丘：诸比丘！离家出家修行的梵行者4应审思5十法6，是那十法呢？
1．梵行者应审思：我等是无有阶级7。
2．梵行者应审思：我等是依赖众人的供养8而得以资生9。
3．梵行者应审思：我等是追循更多的戒律10修行。
4．梵行者应审思：我将不会后悔11自己的戒行12。
5．梵行者应审思：其他的有见识的13梵行者14将不会批评我的戒行。
6．梵行者应审思：这是有分别于俗家的15，我将不得不与家人分离16，我将不能得到我喜爱的物品17。
7．梵行者应审思：我是自己业的主人18，是自己业的继承人19，由自己的业而生20，是自己业的亲族21，依自己的业支撐而活22，不论我造何种业，善的或惡的23，我必将去承担24。
8．梵行者应审思：日以继夜就这么过去了25，我现在正在作些什么呢26？
9．梵行者应审思：我是否喜爱独住远离于幽僻之地27呢？
10．梵行者应审思：我是否已得上人法28，是否已得圣者的智慧29，往后死时，若梵行者问我，我会懊恼30吗？。

诸比丘！这就是离家出家修行的梵行者应审思的十法。

佛陀说完已，诸比丘闻佛所说，欢喜奉行。

注释：
1. 舍卫国，Sāvatthi，佛时印度北方的一个小国。
2. 给孤独长者，Anāthapindika 佛陀的大施主，因常施舍给孤苦贫困者，故名‘给孤独’。
3. 祇树园精舍，Jetavana 给孤独长者向祇陀Jeta太子购买的王家园林，用以布施给佛陀，并建成寺院。
4. 梵行者，pabbajitena 由在家而出家修梵行的人，为得智慧 pabba 的行者。
5. 审思，abhinham paccavekkhitabbam 沉思，考虑。
6. 十法，dasa-dhammā：无有阶级，托钵资生，更高戒律，不悔戒行，请净戒行，离世所爱，业的审思，正念当下，独住远离，得上人法。
7. 无有阶级，Vevanniyamhi 改变 ajjhupagato 以上的，变为没有。
8. 供养，Parapatibaddhā 依赖。
9. 资生，jivikā 延命。
10. 追循更多的戒律， ākappo行为 karaniyo应该做的。
11. 后悔，Kacci 疑问，kho 当然，attā silato 我的戒行，upavadati责怪。
12. 德行，silato。
13. 其他的有见识的，anuvicca 发现 viññu 见识。
14. 梵行者，sabrahmacāri。
15. 有分别于俗家的，Sabbehi 知道的，有分别的。
16. 不得不与家人分离，nānābhavo 不同的分离 vinābhāvo 不分离。
17. 不能得到我喜爱的物品，me piyehi 喜爱的 manāpehi 令人喜爱的。
18. 业的主人，Kammassakomhi。
19. 业的继承人，kammadāyādo。
20. 由自己的业而生，kammayoni。
21. 业的亲族, kammabandhu。
22. 依自己的业支撐而活，kamma patisarano。
23. 不论我造何种业，kammam karissāmi； 善的或惡的，kalyānam vā pāpakam vā。
24. 我必将去承担，tassa dāyādo bhavissāmi ti。
25. 日以继夜就这么过去了，rattin 夜晚 divā 白天 viti 已过 patanti 放下。
26. 我现在正在作些什么呢，Katham 在那里 bhutassa 已发生。
27. 喜爱独住远离于幽僻之地，suññāgāre 空居处 abhiramāmi 合意的。
28. 上人法, uttarimanussadhammā。
29. 圣者的智慧，ariya ñāna。
30. 懊恼, puttho被问 man 心意 ku 懊悔 bhavissāmi成为。

法增比丘译，澳洲佛宝寺。12/7/2008愿众生安乐！
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