《界分别经》Mn140 Dhatu-vibhanga Sutta 巴译中
《界分别经》巴译 中
(Mn140 Dhatu-vibhanga
Sutta)
法增比丘(Bhikkhu Dhammavaro)中译
Evam me sutam:
Ekam samayam Bhagava magadhesu carikam caramano
yena Rajagaham tadavasari. Yena bhaggavo kumbhakaro ten'upasankami.
Upasankamitva bhaggavam kumbhakaram etad avoca: 'sace te bhaggava agaru,
viharema avesane ekarattinti.
Na kho me bhante garu, atthi c'ettha pabbajito
pathamam vasupagato. Sace so anujanati viharatha bhante, yathasukhanti.
Tena kho pana samayena pukkusati nama kulaputto
Bhagavantam uddissa saddha agarasma anagariyam pabbajito. So tasmim
kumbhakaravesane pathamam vasupagato hoti. Atha kho Bhagava yen'ayasma
pukkusati ten'upasankami. Upasankamitva ayasmantam pukkusatim etad avoca: 'sace
te bhikkhu agaru, viharema avesane ekarattinti. Urundam avuso, kumbhakaravesanam.
Viharatayasma yathasukhanti.
Atha kho Bhagava kumbhakaravesanam pavisitva ekam
antam tinasantha rakam pannapetva nisidi pallankam abhujitva ujum kayam
panidhaya parimukham satim upatthapetva. Atha kho Bhagava bahudeva rattim
nisajjaya vitinamesi. Ayasmapi kho pukkusati bahudeva rattim nisajjaya
vitinamesi. Atha kho Bhagavato etad ahosi: 'pasadikam nu kho ayam kulaputto
iriyati, yannunaham puccheyyanti. Atha kho Bhagava ayasmantam pukkusatim etad
avoca: 'kamsi tvam bhikkhu uddissa pabbajito, ko va te sattha, kassa va tvam
dhammam rocesi' ti.
Atthavuso, Samano Gotamo Sakyaputto Sakyakula
pabbajito. Tam kho pana Bhagavantam Gotamam evam kalyano kittisaddo abbhuggato:
'Iti pi so Bhagava araham Samma-sambuddho vijja-carana-sampanno sugato lokavidu
anuttaro purisa-damma-sarathi sattha deva-manussanam buddho Bhagava' ti. Ta'ham
Bhagavantam uddissa pabbajito. So ca me Bhagava sattha, tassaham Bhagavato
dhammam rocemi' ti.
Kaham pana bhikkhu etarahi so Bhagava viharati
araham Samma-sambuddho'ti:
Atthavuso uttaresu janapadesu Savatthi nama
nagaram, tattha so Bhagava etarahi viharati araham Samma-sambuddho' ti.
Ditthapubbo pana te bhikkhu, so Bhagava. Disva ca
pana janeyyasi' ti.
Na kho me avuso, ditthapubbo so Bhagava. Disva
caham na janeyya'nti.
Atha kho Bhagavato etad ahosi: 'mamam khvayam1
kulaputto uddissa pabbajito. Yannunassaham dhammam deseyya'nti. Atha kho
Bhagava ayasmantam pukkusatim amantesi: 'dhammam te bhikkhu, desissami. Tam
sunahi, sadhukam manasi karohi, bhasissami' ti.
Evam avuso ti kho ayasma pukkusati Bhagavato
paccassosi. Bhagava etad avoca:
'Chaddhaturo ayam bhikkhu, puriso chaphassayatano
attharasamanopavicaro caturadhitthano, yattha thitam mannussava nappavattanti,
mannussave kho pana nappavattamane muni santoti vuccati. Pannam nappamajjeyya.
Saccamanurakkheyya. Cagamanubruheyya. Santimeva so sikkheyya' ti. Ayamuddeso
chadhatu vibhangassa.
'Chaddhaturo ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti kho
pan'etam vuttam. Kinc'etam paticca vuttam. Pathavidhatu apodhatu tejodhatu
vayodhatu akasadhatu vinnanadhatu. 'Chaddhaturo. Ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti
yam tam vuttam, idame tam paticca vuttam.
'Chaphassayatano ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti kho
pan'etam vuttam, kinc'etam paticca vuttam: cakkhusamphassayatanam
sotasamphassayatanam ghanasamphassayatanam jivhasamphassayatanam
kayasamphassayatanam manosamphassayatanam. 'Chaphassayatano ayam bhikkhu,
puriso'ti iti yam tam vuttam, idame tam paticca vuttam.
'Attharasamanopavicaro ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti
kho pan'etam vuttam, kinc'etam paticca vuttam:
cakkhuna rupam disva somanassatthaniyam rupam
upavicarati. Domanassatthaniyam rupam upavicarati. Upekkhatthaniyam rupam
upavicarati.
Sotena saddam sutva somanassatthaniyam saddam
upavicarati. Domanassatthaniyam saddam upavicarati. Upekkhatthaniyam saddam
upavicarati. Ghanena gandham
ghayitva somanassatthaniyam gandham upavicarati. Domanassatthaniyam gandham
upavicarati. Upekkhatthaniyam gandham upavicarati. Jivhaya rasam sayitva
somanassatthaniyam rasam upavicarati. Domanassatthaniyam rasam upavicarati.
Upekkhatthaniyam rasam upavicarati. Kayena photthabbam phusitva
Somanassatthaniyam photthabbam upavicarati.
Domanassatthaniyam photthabbam upavicarati. Upekkhatthaniyam photthabbam
upavicarati. Manasa dhammam vinnaya somanassatthaniyam dhammam upavicarati.
Domanassatthaniyam dhammam upavicarati. Upekkhatthaniyam dhammam upavicarati.
Iti cha somanassupavicara cha domanassupavicara cha upekkhupavicara.
'Attharasamanopavicaro ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti yam tam vuttam, idame tam
paticca vuttam.
'Caturadhitthano ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti kho
pan'etam vuttam, kinc'etam paticca vuttam: pannadhitthano cagadhitthano
upasamadhitthano. 'Caturadhitthano ayam bhikkhu, puriso'ti iti yam tam vuttam,
idame tam paticca vuttam.
'Pannam nappamajjeyya saccamanurakkheyya
cagamanubruheyya santimeva so sikkheyya'ti iti kho pan'etam vuttam: kathanca
bhikkhu. Pannam nappamajjati: cha ima bhikkhu, dhatuyo: pathavidhatu apodhatu
tejodhatu vayodhato akasadhatu vinnanadhatu.
Katama ca bhikkhu, pathavidhatu: pathavidhatu siya
ajjhattika siya bahira. Katama ca bhikkhu, ajjhattika pathavidhatu: yam
ajjhattam paccattam kakkha'am kharigatam upadinnam. Seyyathidam: kesa loma
nakha datta taco mamsam naharu atthi atthaminja1 vakkam hadayam, yakanam
kilomakam pihakam pappasam antam antagunam udariyam karisam yam va panannampi
kinci ajjhattam paccattam kakkha'am kharigatam upadinnam. Ayam vuccati bhikkhu,
ajjhattika pathavidhatu. Ya c'eva kho pana ajjhattika pathavidhatu ya ca bahira
pathavidhatu, pathavidhaturevesa. Tam n'etam mama, nesohamasmi, na meso atta'ti
evam etam yathabhutam sammappannaya datthabbam. evam etam yathabhutam
sammappannaya disva pathavidhatuya nibbindati, pathavidhatuya cittam virajeti.
Katama ca bhikkhu, apodhatu: apodhatu siya
ajjhattika siya bahira. Katama ca
bhikkhu, ajjhattika apodhatu: yam ajjhattam paccattam apo apogatam upadinnam.
Seyyathidam: pittam semham pubbo lohitam sedo medo assu vasa khe'o singhanika
lasikamuttam. Yam va panannampi kinci ajjhattam paccattam apo apogatam
upadinnam. Ayam vuccati bhikkhu, ajjhattika apodhatu. Ya c'eva kho pana ajjhattika
apodhatu ya ca bahira apodhatu, apodhaturevesa. Tam n'etam mama, nesohamasmi,
na meso atta'ti evam etam yathabhutam sammappannaya datthabbam. evam etam
yathabhutam sammappannaya disva apodhatuya nibbindati, apodhatuya cittam
virajeti.
Katama ca bhikkhu, tejodhatu: tejodhatu siya
ajjhattika siya bahira. Katama ca bhikkhu, ajjhattika tejodhatu: yam ajjhattam
paccattam tejo tejogatam upadinnam. Seyyathidam: yena ca santappati yena ca
jiriyati, yena ca paridayhati, yena ca asitapitakhayitasayitam samma parinamam
gacchati, yam va panannampi kinci ajjhattam paccattam tejo tejogatam upadinnam.
Ayam vuccati bhikkhu, ajjhattika tejodhatu. Ya c'eva kho pana ajjhattika
tejodhatu ya ca bahira tejodhatu, tejodhaturevesa. Tam n'etam mama,
nesohamasmi, na meso attati evam etam yathabhutam sammappannaya datthabbam.
evam etam yathabhutam sammappannaya disva tejodhatuya nibbindati, tejodhatuya
cittam virajeti.
Katama ca bhikkhu, vayodhatu: vayodhatu siya
ajjhattika siya bahira katama ca bhikkhu, ajjhattika vayodhatu: yam ajjhattam
paccattam vayo vayogatam upadinnam. Seyyathidam: uddhangama vata adhogama vata
kucchisaya vata kotthasaya1 vata angamanganusarino vata assaso, passaso, iti
yam va panannampi kinci ajjhattam paccattam vayo vayogatam upadinnam. Ayam
vuccati bhikkhu, ajjhattika vayodhatu. Ya c'eva kho pana ajjhattika vayodhatu
ya ca bahira vayodhatu, vayodhaturevesa. Tam n'etam mama, nesohamasmi, na meso
attati evam etam yathabhutam sammappannaya datthabbam. evam etam yathabhutam
sammappannaya disva vayodhatuya nibbindati, vayodhatuya cittam virajeti.
Katama ca bhikkhu, akasadhatu: akasadhatu siya
ajjhattika siya bahira. Katama ca bhikkhu, ajjhattika akasadhatu: yam ajjhattam paccattam akasam
akasagatam upadinnam. Seyyathidam: kannacchiddam nasacchiddam mukhadvaram yena
ca asitapitakhayitasayitam ajjhoharati, yattha ca asitapitakhayitasayitam
santitthati, yena ca asitapitakhayitasayitam adhobhaga nikkhamati, yam va
panannampi kinci ajjhattam paccattam akasam akasagatam agham aghagatam vivaram
vivaragatam asamphuttham mamsalohitehi upadinnam. Ayam vuccati bhikkhu,
ajjhattika akasadhatu. Ya c'eva kho pana ajjhattika akasadhatu, ya ca bahira
akasadhatu, akasadhaturevesa. Tam n'etam mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attati evam
etam yathabhutam sammappannaya datthabbam. evam etam yathabhutam sammappannaya
disva akasadhatuya nibbindati, akasadhatuya cittam virajeti.
Athaparam vinnanam yeva avasissati parisuddham
pariyodatam. Tena va vinnanena kim janani: sukhan tipi vijanati, dukkhan tipi
vijanati, adukkhamasukhan tipi vijanati. Sukhavedaniyam bhikkhu, phassam
paticca upapajjati sukha vedana, so sukham vedanam vediyamano sukham vedanam
vediyamiti pajanati. Tasseva sukhavedanissa phassassa nirodha yam tajjam
vedayitam sukhavedaniyam phassam paticca uppanna sukha vedana sa nirujjhanti,
sa vupasammatiti pajanati.
Dukkhavedaniyam bhikkhu. Phassam paticca uppajjati
dukkha vedana so dukkha vedanam vediyamano dukkham vedanam vediyamiti pajanati.
Tasseva dukkhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodha yam tajjam vedayitam
dukkhavedaniyam phassam paticca uppanna dukkha vedana sa nirujjhati. Sa
vupasammatiti pajanati.
Adukkhamasukhavedaniyam bhikkhu, phassam paticca
uppajjati adukkhamasukha vedana. So adukkha-m-asukham vedanam vediyamano
adukkha-m-asukham vediyamiti pajanati. Tasseva adukkhamasukhavedaniyassa
phassassa nirodha yam tajjam vedayitam adukkhamasukhavedaniyam phassam paticca
uppanna adukkhamasukha vedana sa nirujjhati, sa vupasammatiti pajanati.
Seyyatha pi bhikkhu dvinnam katthanam
samphassasamodhana usma jayati, tejo abhinibbattati. Tesam yeva dvinnam
katthanam nanabhava vinikkhepa ya tajja usma, sa nirujjhati sa vupasammati.
Evam eva kho bhikkhu, sukhavedaniyam phassam
paticca uppajjati sukha vedana. So sukham vedanam vediyamano sukham vedanam
vediyamitipajanati. Tasseva sukhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodha yam tajjam
vedayitam sukhavedaniyam phassam paticca uppanna sukha vedana sa nirujjhati, sa
vupasammatiti pajanati.
Dukkhavedaniyam bhikkhu, phassam paticca uppajjati
dukkha vedana. So dukkham vedanam vediyamano dukkham vedanam vediyamiti pajanati.
Tasseva dukkhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodha yam tajjam vedayitam
dukkhavedaniyam phassam paticca uppanna dukkha vedana sa nirujjhati sa
vupasammatiti pajanati.
Adukkhamasukhavedaniyam bhikkhu, phassam paticca
uppajjati adukkhamasukha vedana. So adukkhasukham vedanam vediyamano
adukkha-m-asukham vedanam vediyamiti pajanati. Tasseva
adukkhamasukhavedaniyassa phassassa nirodha yam tajjam vedayitam
adukkhamasukhavedaniyam phassam paticca uppanna adukkhamasukha vedana sa
nirujjhati sa vupasammatiti pajanati.
Athaparam upekkhayeva avasissati parisuddha
pariyodata mudu ca kammanna ca pabhassara ca. Seyyatha pi bhikkhu, dakkho
suvannakaro va suvannakarantevasi va ukkam bandheyya, ukkam bandhitva
ukkamukham alimpeyya, ukkamukham alimpetva sandasena jatarupam gahetva
ukkamukhe pakkhipeyya. Tam enam kalena kalam abhidhameyya. Kalena kalam udakena
paripphoseyya. Kalena kalam ajjhupekkheyya. Tam hoti jatarupam dhantam
sudhantam niddhantam nihatam nihatakasavam mudu ca kammannam ca pabhassaranca.
Yassa yassa ca pi'andhanavikatiya akankhati, yadi pavaddhikaya yadi kundalaya
yadi giveyyakaya yadi suvannamalaya, tanc'assa attham anubhoti.
Evam eva kho bhikkhu, athaparam upekkhayeva
avasissati parisuddha pariyodhata mudu ca kammanna ca pabhassara ca. So evam
pajanati: 'imam ce aham upekkham evamparisuddham evampariyodatam
akasanancayatanam upasanhareyyam, tadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam. Evam ayam
upekkha tannissita tadupadana ciram digham addhanam tittheyya. Imam ce aham
upekkham evamparisuddham evampariyodatam vinnanancayatanam upasanhareyyam,
tadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam. Evam me ayam upekkha tannissita tadupadana
ciram digham addhanam tittheyya. Imam ce aham
upekkham evamparisuddham evampariyodatam akincannayatanam upasanhareyam,
tadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam. Evam me ayam upekkha tannissita tadupadana
ciram digham addhanam tittheyya. Imam ce aham upekkham evamparisuddham
evampariyodatam n'eva-sanna-nasannayatanam upasanhareyyam. Tadanudhammanca
cittam bhaveyyam, evam me ayam upekkha tannissita tadupadana ciram digham
addhanam tittheyya' ti.
So evam pajanati: 'imam ce aham upekkham
evamparisuddham evampariyodatam akasanancayatanam upasanhareyyam,
tadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam, sankhatame tam. Imance aham upekkham
evamparisuddham evampariyodatam vinnanancayatanam upasanhareyyam,
kadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam, sankhatame tam. Imam ce aham upekkham
evamparisuddham evampariyodatam akincannayatanam upasanhareyyam,
tadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam, sankhatame tam. Imance aham upekkham evam
parisuddham evampariyodatam n'evasannanasancayatanam upasanhareyyam,
tadanudhammanca cittam bhaveyyam, sankhatametanti. So n'eva tam abhisankharoti,
nabhisancetayati bhavaya va vibhavaya va. So anabhisankharonto
anabhisancetayanto bhavaya va vibhavaya va na kinci loke upadiyati. Anupadiyam
na paritassati, aparitassam paccattam yeva parinibkhayati. 'Khina jati, vusitam
brahmacariyam, katam karaniyam, naparam itthattaya'ti pajanati.
So sukham ce vedanam vedeti. Sa aniccati pajanati,
anajjhositati pajanati, anabhinanditati pajanati. Dukkham ce vedanam vedeti. Sa
aniccati pajanati. Anajjhositati pajanati. Abhinanditati pajanati,
adukkhamasukhance vedanam vedeti, sa aniccati pajanati, anajjhositani pajanati,
anabhinanditati pajanati.
So sukham ce vedanam vedeti, visamyutto tam na vedeti.
So dukkham ce vedanam vedeti, visamyutto tam na vedeti. Adukkhamasukham ce
vedanam vedeti, visamyutto tam na vedeti. So kayapariyantikam vedanam
vediyamano kayapariyantikam vedanam vediyamiti pajanati. Jivitapariyantikam vedanam vediyamano jivitapariyantikam
vedanam vediyamiti pajanati. Kayassa bheda param marana uddham
jivita-pariyadana ideva sabbavedayitani anabhinanditani sitibhavissanti'ti
pajanati.
Seyyatha pi bhikkhu, telanca paticca vattinca
paticca telappadipo jhayati, tasseva telassa ca vattiya ca pariyadana annassa
ca anupahara anaharo nibkhayati. Evam eva kho bhikkhu. Kayapariyantikam vedanam
vediyamano kayapariyantikam vedanam vediyamiti pajanati. Jivitapariyantikam
vedanam vediyamano jivitapariyantikam vedanam vediyamiti pajanati. Kayassa bheda
param marana uddham jivita-pariyadana idheva sabbavedayitani anababhinanditani
sitibhavissati'ti pajanati. Tasma evam samannagato bhikkhu imina paramena
pannadhitthanena samannagato hoti. Esa hi bhikkhu, parama ariya panna yad idam
sabbadukkhakkhaye nanam.
Tassa sa vimutti sacce thita akuppa hoti. Tam hi
bhikkhu musa, yam mosadhammam. Tam saccam, yam amosadhammam nibbanam. Tasma
evam samannagato bhikkhu imina paramena saccadhitthanena samannagato hoti. Etam
hi bhikkhu, paramam ariyasaccam yad idam amosadhammam nibbanam.
Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno upadhi honti
samatta samadinna. Tyassa pahina honti ucchinnamula talavatthukata anabhavakata
ayatim anuppadadhamma. Tasma evam samannagato bhikkhu imina paramena
cagadhitthanena samannagato hoti. Eso hi bhikkhu, paramo ariyo cago yad idam
sabbupadhipatinissaggo. Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno abhijjha hoti chando
sarago. Svassa pahino hoti ucchinnamulo talavatthukato anabhavakato ayatim
anuppadadhammo.
Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno aghato hoti vyapado
sampadoso, svassa pahino hoti ucchinnamulo talavatthukato anabhavakato ayatim
anuppadadhammo.
Tasseva kho pana pubbe aviddasuno avijja hoti
sammoho sampadoso, svassa pahino hoti ucchinnamulo talavatthukato anabhavakato ayatim
anuppadadhammo. Tasma evam samannagato bhikkhu imina paramena
upasamadhitthanena samannagato hoti eso hi bhikkhu, paramo ariyo upasamo yad idam
ragadosamohanam upasamo.
'Pannam nappamajjeyya. Saccamanurakkheyya,
cagamanubruheyya, santimeva so sikkheyya'ti iti yam tam vuttam, idame tam
paticca vuttam.
Yattha thitam mannussava nappavattanti. Mannussave
kho pana appavattamane muni santoti vuccati'ti iti kho pan'etam vuttam.
Kinc'etam paticca vuttam: asmiti bhikkhu mannitame tam. Ayamahamasmiti.
Mannitame tam. Bhavissanti mannitame tam. Na bhavissanti mannitame tam. Rupi
bhavissanti mannitame tam. Arupi bhavissanti mannitame tam. Sanni bhavissanti
mannitame tam. Asanni bhavissanti mannitame tam. N'evasanninasanni bhavissanti
mannitame tam. Mannitam bhikkhu rogo, mannitam gando, mannitam sallam.
Sabbamannitanam tveva bhikkhu, samatikkama muni santoti vuccati. Muni kho pana
bhikkhu, santo na jayati na jiyati na miyati na kuppati na vihesati. Tampissa
bhikkhu n'atthi. Yena jayetha, ajayamano kim jiyissati, ajiyamano kim
miyissati, amiyamano kim kuppissati. Akuppamano kissa vihessati. 'Yattha thitam
mannussava nappavattanti. Mannussave kho pana nappavattamane muni santoti
vuccati'ti iti yam tam vuttam, idame tam paticca vuttam. Imam kho me tvam
bhikkhu, sankhittena cha dhatuvibhangam dharehiti.
Atha kho ayasma pukkusati 'sattha kira me
anuppatto, sugato kira me anuppatto, Samma-sambuddho kira me anuppatto'ti
utthayasana ekamsa civaram katva Bhagavato padesu sirasa nipatitva Bhagavantam
etad avoca: 'accayo mam bhante, accagama yathabalam yathamulham yathaakusalam, yoham Bhagavantam
avusovadena samudacaritabbam amannissam. Tassa me bhante, Bhagava accayam
accayato patiganhatu ayatim samvaraya' ti.
Taggha tvam bhikkhu, accayo accagama yathabalam
yathamulham yathaakusalam, yam mam tvam avusovadena samudacaritabbam
amannittha. Yato ca kho tvam bhikkhu, accayam accayato disva yatha dhammam
patikarosi. Tam te mayam patiganhama. Vuddhi hesa bhikkhu. Ariyassa vinaye yo
accayam accayato disva yatha dhammam patikaroti, ayatim samvaram apajjati' ti.
Labheyyaham bhante, Bhagavato santike
upasampadanti.
Paripunnam pana te bhikkhu, pattacivaranti:
Na kho me bhante, paripunnam pattacivaranti.
Na kho bhikkhu, tathagata aparipunnapattacivaram
upasampadentiti.
Atha kho ayasma pukkusati Bhagavato bhasitam
abhinanditva anumoditva utthayasana Bhagavantam abhivadetva padakkhinam katva
pattacivarapariyesanam pakkami.
Atha kho ayasmantam pukkusatim
pattacivarapariyesanam carantam bhantagavi jivita voropesi.
Atha kho sambahula bhikkhu yena Bhagava,
ten'upasankamimsu, upasankamitva Bhagavantam abhivadetva ekam antam nisidimsu.
Ekamantam nisinna kho te bhikkhu Bhagavantam etad avocum: 'yo so bhante,
pukkusati nama kulaputto Bhagavata sankhittena ovadena ovadito, so kalankato.
Tassa ka gati, ko abhisamparayo' ti.
Pandito bhikkhave, pukkusati kulaputto, paccapadi
dhammassanudhammam. Na ca mam dhammadhikaranam vihethesi. Pukkusati bhikkhave,
kulaputto pancannam orambhagiyanam sannojananam parikkhaya opapatiko tattha
parinibbayi anavattidhammo tasma lokati.
Idam avoca Bhagava, attamana te bhikkhu Bhagavato
bhasitam abhinandunti.
Dhatuvibhangasuttam
dasamam
如是我闻。一时佛陀游行于摩揭陀国(Magadha),来到王舍城(Rajagaha)陶匠巴噶瓦(Bhaggava)的住处,世尊对巴噶瓦说:‘如果你不介意的话,我想在你的工坊(kumbhakaro)借住一夜。’
陶匠巴噶瓦说:‘尊者!工坊里已经住了一位出家人,如果他不介意,你随便住吧。’
当时一位族姓子,名叫布库萨提(Pukkusati)(注一),因为出于对佛陀的真诚信念而出家,碰巧也借宿于这陶匠巴噶瓦的工坊。世尊走到陶匠的工坊,对布库萨提说:‘比丘!如果你不介意的话,我想在这工坊借住一夜。’布库萨提回答说:‘善友(avuso)尊者!你随便住吧。这是陶匠的工坊,没问题的。’
于是世尊进入陶匠的工坊,以干草铺在一适当处,盘起双腿坐下,系念面前。世尊一直不动的坐着入了夜分,布库萨提也是一直不动的坐着入了夜分。世尊心想,这族姓子的坐态悠然,让我问问他:‘比丘!你是追随那种教法而出家的呢?谁是你的老师呢?他给了你什麽教法呢?’
布库萨提答道:‘善友尊者!那位梵行者苟塔玛(Gotama),他是释迦族(Sakya)的子弟,离家,出家,这位圣者苟塔玛,他的名声传扬四方。世尊是应供!正等正觉者!明行足!善逝!世间解!无上士!调御丈夫!天人师!觉者!世尊!我为了世尊的教法而出家,世尊是我的老师,我相信世尊的教导。’
‘比丘!世尊现在住在那里呢?’
‘善友尊者!在北方的国度里,有一座城叫做舍卫城(Savatthi),那位正等觉者现在住在那里。’
‘比丘!你有见过世尊吗?见到他时你认得他吗?’
‘善友尊者!我尚未见过世尊,就算见到了,我也不认识。’
世尊心想:‘这族姓子是为了对我的信念而离家出家。’于是世尊对布库萨提说:‘比丘!我教你,你屏心静听。’
布库萨提答道:‘是的,善友尊者!’
世尊说:‘比丘!人为六界(Chaddhaturo)所组成,有六触界(chaphassayatano),有十八意伺界(attharasamanopavicaro),有四决定(caturadhitthano)。住于它,心不妄念,当心不妄念时,圣者所寂静乐住(muni santoti)。精勤于培育慧(paññā),护于真谛(Saccamanurakkheyya),修习厌离舍弃(Cagamanubruheyya),学习寂静乐住(Santimeva) ,这是对六界的简短解释。’
‘比丘!人为六界所组成,是那六界呢?地界(Pathavidhatu),水界(apodhatu),火界(tejodhatu),风界(vayodhatu),空界(akasadhatu),与识界(vinnanadhatu)。比丘!若说人有六界者,就是说(vuttam)这些。’(注二)
‘比丘!人有六触界(Chaphassayatano),是说那六触界呢?这触界有:眼触界(cakkhusamphassayatanam),耳触界(sotasamphassayatanam),鼻触界(ghanasamphassayatanam),舌触界(jivhasamphassayatanam),身触界(kayasamphassayatanam),与意触界(manosamphassayatanam)。若说人有六触界者,就是说这些。’
‘比丘!人有十八意伺界(Attharasamanopavicaro,伺(vicaro)),是那些十八意伺界呢?眼见色,意即思维,伺于(执着于)色乐受(somanassatthaniyam
rupam upavicarati),伺于色苦受(Domanassatthaniyam rupam upavicarati),伺于色不苦不乐受(Upekkhatthaniyam rupam upavicarati)。耳闻声,意即思维,伺于声乐受(somanassatthaniyam
saddam upavicarati),伺于声苦受(Domanassatthaniyam saddam upavicarati),伺于声不苦不乐受(Upekkhatthaniyam saddam
upavicarati)。鼻嗅香味,意即思维,伺于香乐受(somanassatthaniyam gandham upavicarati),伺于香苦受(Domanassatthaniyam gandham upavicarati),伺于香不苦不乐受(Upekkhatthaniyam
gandham upavicarati)。舌尝味,意即思维,伺于味乐受(somanassatthaniyam rasam upavicarati),伺于味苦受(Domanassatthaniyam rasam upavicarati),伺于味不苦不乐受(Upekkhatthaniyam
rasam upavicarati)。身觉触,意即思维,伺于触乐受(Somanassatthaniyam photthabbam upavicarati),伺于触苦受(Domanassatthaniyam photthabbam
upavicarati),伺于触不苦不乐受(Upekkhatthaniyam photthabbam upavicarati)。意起思念,意即思维,伺于法乐受(somanassatthaniyam
dhammam upavicarati),伺于法苦受(Domanassatthaniyam dhammam upavicarati),伺于法不苦不乐受(Upekkhatthaniyam dhammam
upavicarati)。所以意有六种执着于乐受的意伺,意有六种执着于苦受的意伺,和意有六种执着于不苦不乐受的意伺。若说人有十八意伺界,就是说这些。’
‘比丘!人有四决定(Caturadhitthano),是说什麽呢?即是决定于慧(pannadhitthano),决定于真谛(saccadhitthano),决定于厌离舍弃(cagadhitthano),和决定于寂静乐住(upasamadhitthano)。若说人有四决定,就是说这些。’
‘比丘!智者说精勤于培育慧,护于真谛,修习厌离舍弃,学习寂静乐住 。为什麽这样说呢?比丘!如何精勤于培育慧呢?这里有六界:即是地界,水界,火界,风界,空界,与识界。’
‘比丘!什麽是地界呢?这是指内部(ajjhattika)的地界,和外部(bahira)的地界,什麽是内部的地界呢?坚硬的,内部的,自身的地大,把它当成我的,比如:头发(kesa)、身毛(loma)、指甲(nakha)、牙齿(datta)、皮(taco)、肉(mamsam)、筋(naharu)、骨(atthi)、骨髓(atthaminja)、肾脏(vakkam)、心脏(hadayam)、肝脏(yakanam)、肋膜(kilomakam)、脾脏(pihakam)、肺脏(pappasam)、肠(antam)、肠间膜(antagunam)、胃(udariyam)、粪(karisam)、(脑(译者按:缺漏));凡是任何坚硬的,内部的,自身内,执取为己者;比丘!这即是内部的地界,和外部的地界(译者按:外部的地界亦是如此。),它们只是地界。它们不是‘我’(n'etam mama),‘我’不在其中(nesohamasmi),它们是‘无我’(na meso
atta'ti)。这一切应如此以慧观照(sammappannaya datthabbam),如实照见(yathabhutam);以慧观照,如实照见已,使心从这些地界厌离(nibbindati),使心从这些地界舍弃(virajeti)。’
‘比丘!什麽是水界(apodhatu)呢?这是指内部的水界,和外部的水界,什麽是内部的水界呢?那些内部的,自身的水大,把它当成我的,比如:胆汁(pittam)、痰(semham)、脓(pubbo)、血(lohitam)、汗(sedo)、脂肪(medo)、泪(assu)、油脂(vasa)、唾液(khelo)、鼻涕(singhanika)、关节滑液(lasika)、尿(muttam);凡是任何内部的,自身内,执取为己者;比丘!这即是内部的水界,和外部的水界(译者按:外部的水界亦是如此。),它们只是水界。它们不是‘我’,‘我’不在其中,它们是‘无我’。这一切应如此以慧观照,如实照见;以慧观照,如实照见已,使心从这些水界厌离,使心从这些水界舍弃。’
‘比丘!什麽是火界(tejodhatu)呢?这是指内部的火界,和外部的火界,什麽是内部的火界呢?那些内部的,自身的火大,把它当成我的,比如:身内的温度(santappati),老化的火(jiriyati),发烧(paridayhati),消化的火(asitapitakhayitasayitam);凡是任何内部的,自身内,执取为己者;比丘!这即是内部的火界,和外部的火界(译者按:外部的火界亦是如此。),它们只是火界。它们不是‘我’,‘我’不在其中,它们是‘无我’。这一切应如此以慧观照,如实照见;以慧观照,如实照见已,使心从这些火界厌离,使心从这些火界舍弃。’
‘比丘!什麽是风界(vayodhatu)呢?这是指内部的风界,和外部的风界,什麽是内部的风界呢?那些内部的,自身的风大,把它当成我的,比如:上行风(uddhangama
vata),下行风(adhogama vata),肠胃风(kucchisaya
vata),下腹风(kotthasaya
vata),肢体风(angamanganusarino
vata),入息(assaso),出息(passaso);凡是任何内部的,自身内,执取为己者;比丘!这即是内部的风界,和外部的风界(译者按:外部的风界亦是如此。),它们只是风界。它们不是‘我’,‘我’不在其中,它们是‘无我’。这一切应如此以慧观照,如实照见;以慧观照,如实照见已,使心从这些风界厌离,使心从这些风界舍弃。’
‘比丘!什麽是空界(akasadhatu)呢?这是指内部的空界,和外部的空界,什麽是内部的空界呢?那些内部的,自身的空界,把它当成我的,比如:耳内的空间(kannacchiddam),鼻内的空间(nasacchiddam),口内的空间(mukhadvaram),凡是已被吃的、已被喝的、已被嚼的、已被尝的,食物经过身体的空间,或向下排出物的空间。凡是任何内部的空间,经过的空间(akasagatam),空界(agham),经过的空界(aghagatam),裂口(vivaram),经过的裂口(vivaragatam),自身内,不为红色皮肉所覆的空界,执取为己者;比丘!这即是内部的空界,和外部的空界(译者按:外部的空界亦是如此。),它们只是空界。它们不是‘我’,‘我’不在其中,它们是‘无我’。这一切应如此以慧观照,如实照见;以慧观照,如实照见已,使心从这些空界厌离,使心从这些空界舍弃。’
‘于是,至此为止,只剩下识界纯洁和清净(parisuddham pariyodatam),一切被识知的,只是乐,苦,和不苦不乐。’‘比丘!当因缘接触乐触时,生起乐受,他知:我觉乐受。当乐触灭时,乐受也灭,他心知:这是寂静(vupasammatiti)。比丘!当因缘接触苦触时,生起苦受,他知:我觉苦受。当苦触灭时,苦受也灭,他心知:这是寂静。比丘!当因缘接触不苦不乐触时,生起不苦不乐受,他知:我觉不苦不乐受。当不苦不乐触灭时,不苦不乐受也灭,他心知:这是寂静。’
‘比丘!犹如两根木柴接触后摩擦生热,生火,但当这两根木柴被拿开后,热与火也就跟着熄灭(nirujjhati)而寂静(vupasammati)。同样的道理,比丘!当因缘接触乐触(sukhavedaniyam phassam)时,生起乐受,他知:我觉乐受。当乐触灭时,乐受也灭,他心知:这是寂静。
比丘!当因缘接触苦触(dukkhavedaniyassa phassassa)时,生起苦受,他知:我觉苦受。当苦触灭时,苦受也灭,他心知:这是寂静。
比丘!当因缘接触不苦不乐触时,生起不苦不乐受(Adukkhamasukhavedaniyam),他知:我觉不苦不乐受。当不苦不乐触灭时,不苦不乐受也灭,他心知:这是寂静。’
‘于是他知:这已纯洁和清净(parisuddha pariyodata)的舍心(upekkhayeva),它是柔软,适业,和光明。犹如一个金匠和他的徒弟以炉火冶金,他们夹着金,有时扇火,有时洒水,有时查看,金的杂质通过净化,慢慢变得柔软,适业,和光明,适于制作各种金器,如脚链,耳环,项链等。同样的道理,这净化的舍心,它是柔软,适业,和光明。’
‘比丘!于是他知:这纯洁和清净的舍心,柔软,适业,和光明,若将如此纯洁和如此清净的舍心,导向无量空界(akasanancayatanam),如是随法修习(bhaveyyam),将心导向适业的念,而知,这舍心将会依止与安住(tannissita
tadupadana)于无量空界一段长时间(ciram digham addhanam tittheyya)。’
‘于是他知:这舍心纯净和光明,若将心导向无量识界(vinnanancayatanam),如是随法修习,将心导向适业的念,而知,这舍心将会依止与安住于无量识界一段长时间。’
‘于是他知:这纯洁和清净的舍心,柔软,适业,和光明,若将如此纯洁和如此清净的舍心,导向无所有处界(akincannayatanam),如是随法修习,将心导向适业的念,而知,这舍心将会依止与安住于无所有处界一段长时间。’
‘于是他知:这纯洁和清净的舍心,柔软,适业,和光明,若将如此纯洁和如此清净的舍心,导向非想非非想处界(n'eva-sanna-nasannayatanam),如是随法修习,将心导向适业的念,而知,这舍心将会依止与安住于非想非非想处界一段长时间。’
于是他知:这舍心纯净和光明,导向无量空界随法修习的心是组合的(sankhatame)。这舍心纯净和光明,导向无量识界随法修习的心是组合的。这舍心纯净和光明,导向无所有处界随法修习的心是组合的。这舍心纯净和光明,若将心导向非想非非想处界随法修习的心是组合的。
于是他不作意或思念‘有’(bhavaya)或‘不有’(vibhavaya),不执着于世上任何事物,也不担忧它们,而彻底灭尽。他知,我生已尽,梵行已立,所作已办,于世不再有任何愿望。’
‘觉受(vedeti)乐受,他知(pajanati):这乐是无常,不追逐(anajjhositati)它,也不欣乐(anabhinanditati)于它。觉受苦受,他知:这苦是无常,不追逐它,也不欣乐于它。觉受不苦不乐受,他知:这不苦不乐是无常,不追逐它,也不欣乐于它。
对于觉受乐受,觉受苦受,和觉受不苦不乐受,他从诸受彻底摆脱(visamyutto tam na vedeti)。当觉受身体要完结时,他知:我觉受这身体就要完结。当觉受生命要完结时,他知:我觉受这生命就要完结。他知:在身体分解时生命完结后,这所有的感觉与这一生的所有享乐,都必定会冷却。
比丘!犹如油灯(telanca)的油与灯芯,当灯芯烧(jhayati)尽,若是不再继续(vattiya)添油,灯就灭了。同样的道理,当觉受身体要完结时,他知:我觉受这身体就要完结(Kayapariyantikam)。当觉受生命要完结时(Jivitapariyantikam),他知:我觉受这生命就要完结。他知:在身体分解时生命完结后,这所有的感觉与这一生的所有享乐,都必定会冷却。’
解脱(vimutti),住于真谛,不可动摇(akuppa)。比丘!欺诳者(musa),只得诳法(mosadhammam)。真实者(saccam),得不诳法涅槃(amosadhammam nibbanam)。沙门向的比丘(samannagato
bhikkhu),于真谛作了最高(paramena)的慧择(saccadhitthanena),这是沙门向,这是最高的圣谛(paramam
ariyasaccam),即是不诳法涅槃。
由于无明,之前(pubbe)他可能有愚痴的(aviddasuno)执取(upadhi)而承担(samatta samadinna)业,现在这一切都消除(pahina)了,拔除根本,如切除(ucchinnamulo)了树头的棕榈树,不再生起(anabhavakato),接近了无执之法(ayatim
anuppadadhamma)。沙门向的比丘,以慧择作了最高的决定,厌离舍弃(cagadhitthanena)。这是最神圣的厌离舍弃,即是把以前的执取,完全舍弃(patinissaggo)。
由于无明,之前他可能有愚痴的贪心(chando)和欲心(sarago)的存在(hoti),现在这一切都消除,拔除根本,如切除了树头的棕榈树,不再生起,接近了无执之法。
由于无明,之前他可能有愚痴的瞋心(vyapado)和邪恶(sampadoso)的存在,现在这一切都消除,拔除根本,如切除了树头的棕榈树,不再生起,接近了无执之法。
由于无明,之前他可能有愚痴的无明(sammoho)和邪恶的存在,现在这一切都消除,拔除根本,如切除了树头的棕榈树,不再生起,接近了无执之法。
于是沙门向的比丘,以慧择作了最高的决定,寂静乐住。这是沙门向的比丘最高的神圣寂静乐住,即是贪的止息,瞋的止息,和痴的止息(ragadosamohanam
upasamo)。
如果有说,精勤于培育慧,护于真谛,修习厌离舍弃,学习寂静乐住。就是说(paticca vuttam)这些。’
‘居于任何处所,心不再奔驰妄想(mannussava 意漏)。心不再奔驰妄想,于是说圣者寂静乐住。为什麽这样说呢?比丘!‘我是如此’(asmiti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我在此’(Ayamahamasmiti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我会如此’ (Bhavissanti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我不会如此’(Na bhavissanti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我是色’(Rupi bhavissanti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我不是色’(Arupi
bhavissanti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我会有想(Sanni bhavissanti)或我会无想’(Asanni bhavissanti)是心在奔驰妄想,‘我会非有想或我会非无想’ (N'evasanninasanni
bhavissanti)是心在奔驰妄想。比丘!奔驰妄想是疾病(rogo),是烂疮(gando),是箭刺(sallam)。当心的奔驰妄想止息(tveva),于是说圣者寂静乐住。比丘!寂静乐住的圣者不再生(na jayati),不会衰老(na jiyati),不会死亡(na miyati),无有激动(na kuppati),没有烦恼(na vihesati)。比丘!一个不再生出的,就不会衰老。若没有衰老的,就没有死亡,没有死亡,就没有激动。若没有激动,就没有烦恼。所以说:居于任何处所,心不再奔驰妄想。心不再奔驰妄想,于是说圣者寂静乐住。这是如此解说。比丘!记住这是我对六界的简短解释。’
于是尊者布库萨提知道他真的(kira)遇到了师尊(sattha),他真的遇到了善逝(sugato),他真的遇到了正等觉(Samma-sambuddho);他从座起,褊袒右肩,顶礼佛足(Bhagavato padesu),说道:‘世尊!请原谅我的愚痴(yathabalam),犯错(yathamulham),和无德(yathaakusalam),我称世尊为善友(Bhagavantam avusovadena)!请您原谅我,将来我不会重犯。’
‘比丘!真的,由于你的愚痴,犯错,和无德,你冒犯了师尊,称世尊为善友!我不会怪你,既然你请求原谅,我原谅你。从法来看,一个知错的人,勇于认错,请求原谅,后不重犯,于法增长。’
‘世尊!我想在世尊跟前,在世尊的法与律中出家(upasampadanti)。’
‘比丘!你有钵和袈裟(pattacivaranti)吗?’
‘世尊!我的钵和袈裟不齐全。’
‘比丘!若是钵和袈裟不齐全,善逝不能给予出家。’
于是尊者布库萨提,欢喜世尊之所说,从座起,顶礼佛足,右绕世尊,就去寻找钵和袈裟。当他在寻找钵和袈裟(pattacivarapariyesanam)的路上,被一只蛮牛(bhantagavi)触死(jivita voropesi)。
当时有许多的比丘前来参见世尊,顶礼佛足,坐在一旁后,对世尊说:‘世尊!那位族姓子(kulaputto)布库萨提在听完世尊的简短说法后,就被牛触死了,请问他现在生到那里去(gati)?’
‘比丘们!族姓子布库萨提是有智慧的(Pandito),他明辨法(dhammassanudhammam),虽然我并没有对他详细解释(dhammadhikaranam)。这位族姓子布库萨提,已经摧毁了对欲界的五下分结(pancannam
orambhagiyanam sannojananam),他已化生于阿那含天(parinibbayi),不再回来了(anavattidhammo)。’
世尊说已,众比丘们欢喜(attamana)世尊的说法。
《界分别经》终
注一:布库萨提(Pukkusati),也名布斯喀腊萨林(Pushkarasarin),原为敢陀罗和克什弥尔(Gandhara,Kasmira)国(首都名塔格诗腊(Takshashila),在今巴基斯坦的白沙瓦和拉瓦品迪(Peshawar
and Rawalpindi))国王,频比沙罗王(Bimbisara)派宰相基瓦卡(Jivaka)到塔格诗腊传授医法,布斯喀腊萨林送给频比沙罗王八件装在彩釉盒里珍贵的衣衫,频比沙罗王就以无价的三宝介绍给他,他获知佛陀出现于世,于是舍弃王国,身披袈裟,出家寻求佛法,如此展转游行到达摩揭陀国(Magadha),而在王舍城的陶匠巴噶瓦的工坊,遇到世尊,亲闻正确的教法。他被牛触死后,生于五阿那含天(Aviha),《相应部》中《有偈品》(sagāthāvagga)记载七位天神(Upaka, Palagandha, Pukkusati,
Bhaddiya, Khandhadeva, Bhahuraggi, Sirigiya)从天上来到人间听闻佛法,他就是其中的一位,他们都在阿那含天入般涅槃。
注二:地、水、火、风界是色界,是八解脱里的第一、第二、第三解脱。空界是八解脱里的第四解脱。识界是八解脱里的第五、第六、第七解脱。
法增比丘中译
佛历二五五九年九月十八日汉译完成于澳洲佛宝寺。
愿众生安乐。
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